---
type: index
title: "Manufacturing Processes"
categories: 4
processes: 118
url: https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes
---

# Manufacturing Processes

Every process on manufacturingprocesses.org, organized into four families: forming, cutting, joining, finishing.

## Forming (60)

Hub: https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming.md

- [3D Thermal Laminating](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/3d-thermal-laminating.md): 3D thermal laminating bonds a decorative foil or veneer to a contoured substrate with heat and vacuum so it wraps around the profiled edges.
- [Binder Jetting](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/binder-jetting.md): Binder jetting prints liquid binder into a powder bed to hold each layer, producing green parts that are later sintered or infiltrated.
- [Blow Molding](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/blow-molding.md): Blow molding inflates a heated plastic tube or preform against the walls of a mold with compressed air, producing hollow one-piece containers and tanks.
- [CNC Wire Bending](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/cnc-wire-bending.md): CNC wire bending feeds round or flat wire through a programmable head that bends it in sequence into a finished 2D or 3D form.
- [Centrifugal Casting](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/centrifugal-casting.md): Centrifugal casting pours molten metal into a spinning mold so centrifugal force packs it against the wall and drives inclusions toward the bore.
- [Ceramic Injection Molding (CIM)](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/ceramic-injection-molding-cim.md): Ceramic injection molding molds a ceramic powder and binder feedstock, then debinds and sinters it into a dense technical ceramic part.
- [Ceramic Slip Casting](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/ceramic-slip-casting.md): Ceramic slip casting pours liquid clay slip into a porous plaster mold that draws off water, leaving a solid layer that becomes the part.
- [Clay Throwing](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/clay-throwing.md): Clay throwing forms a rotationally symmetric vessel by hand from a spinning ball of plastic clay on a potter's wheel.
- [Composite Laminating](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/composite-laminating.md): Composite laminating lays reinforcing fiber into a mold and consolidates it with resin, curing into a stiff, light monocoque part.
- [Compression Molding](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/compression-molding.md): Compression molding presses a measured charge of rubber or thermoset into an open heated mold that closes to cure it into its final shape.
- [DMC and SMC Molding](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/dmc-and-smc-molding.md): DMC and SMC molding compression-molds a pre-mixed dough or sheet of chopped fiber and thermoset resin into a stiff, dimensionally stable part.
- [Deep Drawing](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/deep-drawing.md): Deep drawing pushes a sheet metal blank through a die with a punch so the metal flows into a seamless cup or box deeper than its own diameter.
- [Die Casting](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/die-casting.md): Die casting injects molten aluminum, zinc or magnesium into a hardened steel die under high pressure, producing thin-walled net-shape metal parts.
- [Dip Molding](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/dip-molding.md): Dip molding withdraws a heated former from liquid plastisol or latex, leaving a coating that cures into a flexible open-ended part such as a grip or cap.
- [Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS)](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/direct-metal-laser-sintering-dmls.md): Direct metal laser sintering fuses metal powder layer by layer with a laser, building dense metal parts anchored to a supported build plate.
- [Directed Energy Deposition (DED)](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/directed-energy-deposition-ded.md): Directed energy deposition feeds metal wire or powder into a moving melt pool, building up large features or repairing existing parts.
- [Electroforming](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/electroforming.md): Electroforming grows a metal shell by electrodeposition onto a mandrel that is afterwards removed, producing thin parts with sub-micron detail.
- [Electron Beam Melting (EBM)](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/electron-beam-melting-ebm.md): Electron beam melting fuses metal powder with an electron beam in vacuum at high preheat temperature, which cuts residual stress in titanium parts.
- [Filament Winding](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/filament-winding.md): Filament winding wraps resin-impregnated continuous fiber onto a rotating mandrel in a controlled pattern, producing tubes and pressure vessels.
- [Forging](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/forging.md): Forging deforms solid metal under compressive load in a hammer, press or dies, so the grain flow follows the part contour and fatigue strength rises.
- [Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/fused-deposition-modeling-fdm.md): Fused deposition modeling extrudes molten thermoplastic filament along programmed paths so each layer welds to the one beneath it.
- [Glassblowing](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/glassblowing.md): Glassblowing gathers molten glass on a blowpipe and inflates it, by hand or by machine, into hollow ware such as bottles, jars and vessels.
- [Heat Treatment](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/heat-treatment.md): Heat treatment cycles metal through controlled heating and cooling to change its hardness, strength, ductility or internal stress state.
- [Hydroforming](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/hydroforming.md): Hydroforming presses sheet or tube into a single-sided die with high-pressure fluid, producing smooth seamless shapes that would need several stampings.
- [Injection Molding](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/injection-molding.md): Injection molding forces molten thermoplastic into a steel mold under high pressure, producing high-volume identical plastic parts.
- [Insert Molding](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/insert-molding.md): Insert molding loads metal inserts into the cavity and molds polymer around them, capturing threads, terminals or stampings in a single shot.
- [Investment Casting](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/investment-casting.md): Investment casting builds a ceramic shell around a wax pattern, melts the wax out and pours metal into the cavity, giving fine detail in almost any alloy.
- [Lampworking](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/lampworking.md): Lampworking softens glass rod and tube in a bench torch and forms it directly, producing scientific glassware, neon tube and small artwork.
- [Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR) Molding](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/liquid-silicone-rubber-lsr-molding.md): LSR molding injects two-part liquid silicone into a heated mold where it cures, producing flexible parts with a very wide service temperature range.
- [Masked Stereolithography (MSLA / DLP)](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/masked-stereolithography-msla-dlp.md): Masked stereolithography cures a whole resin layer at once through an LCD or DLP image, so build time depends on height rather than part count.
- [Material Jetting (PolyJet)](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/material-jetting-polyjet.md): Material jetting sprays droplets of photopolymer and cures them layer by layer, allowing several materials and colors in one build.
- [Metal Extrusion](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/metal-extrusion.md): Metal extrusion pushes heated billet through a shaped die, producing continuous aluminum or copper profile of constant cross-section.
- [Metal Injection Molding](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/metal-injection-molding.md): Metal injection molding molds a powder-and-binder feedstock exactly like a plastic, then debinds and sinters it into a dense small metal part.
- [Metal Spinning](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/metal-spinning.md): Metal spinning presses a rotating metal disc against a mandrel with a roller or hand tool, forming it into an axially symmetric hollow shape.
- [Metal Stamping](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/metal-stamping.md): Metal stamping shears and forms sheet metal between matched dies in a press, producing flat and shallow-formed parts at very high rates.
- [Multi Jet Fusion (MJF)](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/multi-jet-fusion-mjf.md): Multi Jet Fusion prints a fusing agent onto nylon powder and drives it with infrared energy, fusing whole layers at once for high throughput.
- [Overmolding](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/overmolding.md): Overmolding molds a second material, usually a soft elastomer, directly onto an already-molded rigid substrate so the two bond permanently.
- [Panel Beating](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/panel-beating.md): Panel beating shapes sheet metal by hand with hammers, dollies and an English wheel, producing one-off compound-curved panels without any dies.
- [Paper Pulp Molding](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/paper-pulp-molding.md): Paper pulp molding draws a slurry of cellulose fiber onto a perforated screen tool by vacuum, then dries the fiber mat into a rigid formed part.
- [Plastic Extrusion](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/plastic-extrusion.md): Plastic extrusion pushes molten polymer through a shaped die and cools it, producing continuous profile, sheet, pipe or film of constant cross-section.
- [Powder Metallurgy (Press and Sinter)](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/powder-metallurgy-press-and-sinter.md): Press-and-sinter powder metallurgy compacts metal powder in a rigid die and sinters it below its melting point into a finished net-shape part.
- [Press Braking](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/press-braking.md): Press braking bends sheet metal by driving a punch into a V-die, forming one straight-line bend at a time.
- [Press Molding Ceramics](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/press-molding-ceramics.md): Press molding ceramics forms clay between a die and a rotating profile tool or matched mold, producing flatware and repeat shapes quickly.
- [Pultrusion](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/pultrusion.md): Pultrusion pulls continuous fiber through a resin bath and a heated die, curing it into a constant-section composite profile of unlimited length.
- [Rapid Prototyping](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/rapid-prototyping.md): Rapid prototyping builds a part layer by layer directly from a CAD model, with no tooling and no minimum order quantity.
- [Reaction Injection Molding](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/reaction-injection-molding.md): Reaction injection molding mixes two liquid reactants that polymerize inside a low-pressure mold, producing large tough polyurethane parts on light tooling.
- [Roll Forming](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/roll-forming.md): Roll forming passes coil stock through a sequence of contoured roller stands that bend it progressively into a constant cross-section profile.
- [Rotation Molding](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/rotation-molding.md): Rotational molding tumbles powdered polymer inside a heated mold on two axes so it fuses into a seamless, stress-free hollow part with a uniform wall.
- [Sand Casting](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/sand-casting.md): Sand casting pours molten metal into a cavity formed in bonded sand around a pattern, then breaks the mold away to release the part.
- [Selective Laser Melting (SLM)](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/selective-laser-melting-slm.md): Selective laser melting fully melts metal powder with a laser under inert gas, producing parts at close to wrought density.
- [Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/selective-laser-sintering-sls.md): Selective laser sintering fuses nylon powder layer by layer with a laser, so the surrounding loose powder supports the part and no supports are needed.
- [Sheet Metal Fabrication](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/sheet-metal-fabrication.md): Sheet metal fabrication cuts, bends and joins flat stock into a finished assembly, typically laser cutting followed by press braking, hardware and welding.
- [Steam Bending](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/steam-bending.md): Steam bending plasticises solid timber with saturated steam so it can be bent around a former and held until it dries into shape.
- [Stereolithography (SLA)](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/stereolithography-sla.md): Stereolithography cures liquid photopolymer layer by layer with a scanning UV laser, giving the smoothest surfaces in additive manufacturing.
- [Superforming](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/superforming.md): Superforming heats a superplastic aluminum alloy sheet and forms it with gas pressure over a single-sided tool, producing deep, complex panels.
- [Swaging](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/swaging.md): Swaging hammers or presses the end of a tube or bar inward against a die to reduce or taper its diameter without removing any material.
- [Thermoforming](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/thermoforming.md): Thermoforming heats a plastic sheet until pliable and pulls or presses it over a single-sided mold, producing large thin-walled parts with low tooling cost.
- [Tube and Section Bending](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/tube-and-section-bending.md): Tube and section bending draws or presses metal tube and profile around a former, with an internal mandrel wherever the wall would otherwise collapse.
- [Vacuum Casting (Urethane Casting)](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/vacuum-casting.md): Vacuum casting, known in the US as urethane casting, pours polyurethane resin into a silicone mold under vacuum to copy a master pattern for short runs.
- [Wood Laminating](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/forming/wood-laminating.md): Wood laminating glues thin veneers or kerfed strips over a form so the assembly holds a curve permanently once the adhesive has cured.

## Cutting (15)

Hub: https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/cutting.md

- [5-Axis CNC Machining](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/cutting/5-axis-cnc-machining.md): 5-axis CNC machining tilts and rotates the part or the head so the tool reaches every face and stays short and rigid on complex surfaces.
- [CNC Machining](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/cutting/cnc-machining.md): CNC machining removes material from solid stock with a programmed cutting tool, producing accurate parts directly from a CAD model with no tooling.
- [CNC Milling](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/cutting/cnc-milling.md): CNC milling removes material with a rotating multi-flute cutter moved along programmed paths, producing prismatic parts from solid stock.
- [CNC Turning](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/cutting/cnc-turning.md): CNC turning rotates the workpiece against a stationary tool, producing round parts with excellent concentricity and short cycle times.
- [Die Cutting](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/cutting/die-cutting.md): Die cutting presses a shaped steel rule or rotary die through sheet stock, cutting flat outlines in paper, board, foam, film and textile.
- [Electrical Discharge Machining](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/cutting/electrical-discharge-machining.md): EDM erodes conductive metal with controlled electrical sparks across a dielectric gap, cutting hardened material and sharp internal corners.
- [Glass Scoring](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/cutting/glass-scoring.md): Glass scoring runs a hardened wheel across the surface to create a controlled fracture line, then breaks the sheet cleanly along it.
- [Laser Cutting](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/cutting/laser-cutting.md): Laser cutting melts, burns or vaporises a narrow kerf through flat stock with a focused beam, producing profiles from a 2D file with no tooling.
- [Photochemical Machining](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/cutting/photochemical-machining.md): Photochemical machining masks sheet metal photographically and etches away the unmasked areas, cutting burr-free flat parts with no hard tooling.
- [Plasma Cutting](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/cutting/plasma-cutting.md): Plasma cutting blows an ionised gas jet through conductive metal, melting and ejecting a kerf far faster than a laser on thick plate.
- [Punching and Blanking](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/cutting/punching-and-blanking.md): Punching and blanking shear sheet metal between a punch and a die, producing holes and flat outlines at very high speed.
- [Sawing](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/cutting/sawing.md): Sawing separates stock with a toothed blade — band, circular or cold saw — and is the default first operation on bar, tube and plate.
- [Swiss Screw Machining](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/cutting/swiss-screw-machining.md): Swiss screw machining feeds bar stock through a guide bushing so cutting happens right next to the support, holding tight tolerances on slender parts.
- [Tube and Profile Laser Cutting](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/cutting/tube-and-profile-laser-cutting.md): Tube laser cutting rotates and feeds tube or profile through a laser head, cutting holes, slots and joint geometry along its length.
- [Water Jet Cutting](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/cutting/water-jet-cutting.md): Water jet cutting drives a high-pressure jet of water and abrasive through the material, cutting almost anything with no heat-affected zone.

## Joining (18)

Hub: https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/joining.md

- [Adhesive Bonding](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/joining/adhesive-bonding.md): Adhesive bonding joins parts with a cured polymer layer that spreads load over the whole bond area instead of concentrating it at fastener points.
- [Arc Welding](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/joining/arc-welding.md): Arc welding melts and fuses metal with an electric arc between an electrode and the work, shielded from the atmosphere by gas or flux.
- [Friction Welding](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/joining/friction-welding.md): Friction welding rubs two parts together under load until the interface plasticises and forges together, with no melting and no filler metal.
- [Hot Plate Welding](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/joining/hot-plate-welding.md): Hot plate welding presses two thermoplastic parts against a heated platen to melt the joint faces, then clamps them together to fuse.
- [Joinery](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/joining/joinery.md): Joinery cuts interlocking geometry into timber so the parts locate and hold each other, with or without adhesive or fasteners.
- [Laser Plastic Welding](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/joining/laser-plastic-welding.md): Laser plastic welding passes a beam through a transmissive part into an absorbing one, melting only the interface between them.
- [Mechanical Fastening](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/joining/mechanical-fastening.md): Mechanical fastening joins parts with screws, inserts, clinch hardware or snap fits so the joint can be assembled and taken apart again.
- [PCB Assembly (SMT Reflow)](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/joining/pcb-assembly-smt-reflow.md): PCB assembly prints solder paste, places components and reflows the board through a heated oven so every joint forms in one pass.
- [Power Beam Welding](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/joining/power-beam-welding.md): Power beam welding fuses metal with a laser or electron beam focused to a very small spot, producing deep, narrow welds with little distortion.
- [Resistance Welding](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/joining/resistance-welding.md): Resistance welding passes a heavy current through the joint so its own electrical resistance melts a nugget between the sheets.
- [Riveting](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/joining/riveting.md): Riveting sets a rivet through aligned holes and upsets its tail so the joint clamps permanently, with no heat and no access to both sides for blind types.
- [Soldering and Brazing](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/joining/soldering-and-brazing.md): Soldering and brazing join metals with a molten filler that wets the joint by capillary action while the parent metal stays solid.
- [Staking](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/joining/staking.md): Heat staking softens a molded plastic boss with hot air or ultrasonic energy and reforms it into a head that traps the mating part.
- [Timber Frame Structures](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/joining/timber-frame-structures.md): Timber frame structures assemble large solid or engineered timber members into a load-bearing frame using cut joints and steel connectors.
- [Ultrasonic Welding](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/joining/ultrasonic-welding.md): Ultrasonic welding applies high-frequency vibration through a horn to melt a thermoplastic joint locally in well under a second.
- [Upholstery](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/joining/upholstery.md): Upholstery builds a padded surface from suspension, foam, wadding and textile over a frame, fixed with staples, ties and stitching.
- [Vibration Welding](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/joining/vibration-welding.md): Vibration welding rubs two thermoplastic parts together in-plane at low frequency under pressure until the interface melts and fuses.
- [Weaving](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/joining/weaving.md): Weaving interlaces cane, rattan or synthetic fiber over a frame to build a structural surface out of flexible material.

## Finishing (25)

Hub: https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/finishing.md

- [Abrasive Blasting](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/finishing/abrasive-blasting.md): Abrasive blasting propels media at a surface with compressed air to clean it, strip scale, or produce a uniform matte texture.
- [Anodizing](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/finishing/anodizing.md): Anodizing grows a hard porous oxide layer on aluminum electrochemically, which can then be dyed and sealed for wear and corrosion resistance.
- [Bead Blasting](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/finishing/bead-blasting.md): Bead blasting propels glass or ceramic beads at a surface to produce an even satin matte texture without cutting into it aggressively.
- [Black Oxide](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/finishing/black-oxide.md): Black oxide converts the steel surface to magnetite in a hot alkaline bath, giving a black finish that adds essentially no thickness.
- [CNC Engraving](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/finishing/cnc-engraving.md): CNC engraving cuts text and artwork into a surface with a small pointed or ball-nose tool following a programmed path.
- [Cerakote Ceramic Coating](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/finishing/cerakote-ceramic-coating.md): Cerakote sprays a thin ceramic-filled polymer coating onto a prepared part and cures it, giving wear and corrosion resistance in a very thin film.
- [Chemical Conversion Coating](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/finishing/chemical-conversion-coating.md): Chemical conversion coating reacts the metal surface with a chemical bath to form a thin protective, conductive or paint-adhering film.
- [E-Coating (Electrophoretic Deposition)](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/finishing/e-coating-electrophoretic-deposition.md): E-coating deposits paint electrically from a bath so it plates evenly into every recess, then cures to a uniform film.
- [Electroplating](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/finishing/electroplating.md): Electroplating deposits a metal coating from solution onto a conductive part by passing current through an electrolyte bath.
- [Electropolishing](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/finishing/electropolishing.md): Electropolishing reverses plating: current dissolves the surface fastest at the peaks, leaving a bright, deburred, passive finish.
- [Foil Blocking and Embossing](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/finishing/foil-blocking-and-embossing.md): Foil blocking and embossing press a heated die into the surface to transfer metallic foil, raise a relief, or do both at once.
- [Galvanizing](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/finishing/galvanizing.md): Galvanizing coats steel with zinc, usually by hot dipping, so the zinc corrodes sacrificially and protects the steel beneath it.
- [Grinding, Sanding and Polishing](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/finishing/grinding-sanding-and-polishing.md): Grinding, sanding and polishing remove a thin layer of material with bonded or coated abrasive to correct form or improve surface finish.
- [Hydro Transfer Printing](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/finishing/hydro-transfer-printing.md): Hydro transfer printing floats a printed film on water, activates it, and wraps it around a submerged part to cover it in a pattern.
- [Laser Marking and Engraving](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/finishing/laser-marking-and-engraving.md): Laser marking alters the surface with a focused beam — annealing, etching or engraving it — to make permanent, contact-free marks.
- [PVD Coating](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/finishing/pvd-coating.md): PVD coating vaporises a solid target inside a vacuum chamber so it condenses on the part as a very thin, extremely hard film.
- [Pad Printing](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/finishing/pad-printing.md): Pad printing lifts ink out of an etched plate with a silicone pad and transfers it onto a curved or recessed surface.
- [Passivation](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/finishing/passivation.md): Passivation removes free iron from a stainless steel surface with an acid bath so the chromium oxide layer can reform unbroken.
- [Photo Etching](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/finishing/photo-etching.md): Photo etching masks a surface photographically and etches shallow detail into it for decoration, marking or texture.
- [Powder Coating](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/finishing/powder-coating.md): Powder coating sprays electrostatically charged dry polymer powder onto an earthed part, then bakes it into a tough continuous film.
- [Screen Printing](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/finishing/screen-printing.md): Screen printing pushes ink through a stencilled mesh onto the surface below, laying down one opaque color per pass.
- [Spray Painting](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/finishing/spray-painting.md): Spray painting atomises liquid coating onto a prepared surface, building a film that cures into a decorative and protective layer.
- [UV Inkjet Printing](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/finishing/uv-inkjet-printing.md): UV inkjet printing jets UV-curable ink directly onto a flat substrate and cures it instantly under UV light.
- [Vacuum Metalizing](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/finishing/vacuum-metalizing.md): Vacuum metalizing evaporates aluminum inside a vacuum chamber so it condenses as a mirror-bright film on the part surface.
- [Vibratory Tumbling and Mass Finishing](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes/finishing/vibratory-tumbling-and-mass-finishing.md): Vibratory tumbling agitates parts with abrasive media in a bowl so edges are broken and surfaces smoothed in bulk, without hand work.

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*Source: [Manufacturing Processes](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/processes)*