--- type: index title: "Reference Charts" charts: 12 url: https://manufacturingprocesses.org/charts --- # Reference Charts 12 engineering reference charts — gauge, tolerance, drill and finish data, in full, with sources. - [Bolt Torque Chart](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/charts/bolt-torque-chart.md): Torque and clamp load for SAE Grade 2, 5 and 8 inch bolts and metric class 8.8, 10.9 and 12.9 bolts, dry and lubricated, at 75% of proof load. - [Common Engineering Material Properties](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/charts/material-properties.md): Density, tensile and yield strength, hardness and Young's modulus for 16 common engineering metals and plastics, in both SI and imperial units, with per-row verification status. - [Drill Size Chart](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/charts/drill-size-chart.md): Every number, letter, fractional and common metric drill with its decimal inch and millimeter diameter, per ANSI/ASME B94.11M. - [GD&T Symbols Chart (ASME Y14.5)](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/charts/gdt-symbols.md): All geometric characteristic symbols with category, datum requirement and a plain-English meaning, flagged for the 2018 withdrawal of concentricity and symmetry, plus the modifier symbols. - [ISO 286 Fits & Tolerance Chart (Hole Basis)](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/charts/iso-286-fits-tolerances.md): Preferred hole-basis fits, IT6–IT11 standard tolerance grades to 120 mm, and full deviation tables for H7/g6, H7/h6, H8/f7, H7/k6, H7/p6 and H7/s6. - [Injection Molding Design Guidelines](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/charts/injection-molding-design-guidelines.md): Recommended wall thickness by polymer, draft angle by surface finish and texture, and the rib, boss and corner ratios that keep a molded part free of sink and warp. - [Melting Points of Metals Chart](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/charts/metal-melting-points.md): Melting points and melting ranges in °C and °F for 40 pure metals and engineering alloys, with solidus and liquidus given separately where they differ. - [Sheet Metal Bend Radius & K-Factor Chart](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/charts/sheet-metal-bend-radius-k-factor.md): Minimum inside bend radius by alloy and temper as multiples of thickness, K-factor against R/t, and K by bending method — with the two conflicting published K sets shown side by side. - [Sheet Metal Gauge Chart](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/charts/sheet-metal-gauge-chart.md): Gauge-to-thickness conversions for steel, galvanized steel, stainless and aluminum, gauges 3 to 30, in inches and millimeters — plus the mill tolerance band. - [Surface Finish Chart](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/charts/surface-finish-chart.md): ISO 1302 N-grades with Ra, RMS, Rz and Rt equivalents, the conversion factors between roughness parameters, and the Ra range each manufacturing process holds. - [Tap Drill Chart](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/charts/tap-drill-chart.md): Tap drill sizes for UNC and UNF threads from #0 to 1/2 in at ~75% thread engagement, and for metric coarse threads M1.6 to M12 by the D−P rule. - [Thread Size Chart](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/charts/thread-size-chart.md): Unified inch threads #0 to 1-1/2 with UNC and UNF pitches, and ISO metric threads M1.6 to M24 with coarse and fine pitches and basic minor diameters. --- *Source: [Manufacturing Processes](https://manufacturingprocesses.org/charts)*